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Psoriasis Pathogenesis
Risk Factors For Onychomycosis
Onychomycosis is the most common disease of the nails and constitutes about a half of all nail abnormalities. Some factors like increasing age, male sex, repeated nail damage, warm climate, communal bathing, occlusive footwear, participation in fitness activities, genetic predispositions and underlying conditions, such as diabetes, immunodeficiency or peripheral arterial disease may predispose to develop onychomycosis.
It is also suggested that abnormalities in nail morphology are the predisposing factors to onychomycosis. Psoriasis is one of the most common reasons of disturbed nail morphology and the spectrum of nail changes in psoriasis is very wide. Thus, there were suggestions that dystrophic nails in psoriatic patients lose their natural preventing barrier and therefore are more predisposed to fungal infection.
Onychomycosis, defined as fungal infection of the nail, represents up to 20% of all nail disorders. The most frequent etiologic agents are dermatophytes, mainly Trichophyton rubrum and Trichophyton mentagrophytes var. interdigitale, followed by yeasts and nondermatophyte filamentous fungi such as Scopulariopsis spp., Scytalidium spp., Acremonium spp., Fusarium spp., and Aspergillus spp..
Tinea unguium and tinea pedis are two cutaneous fungal infections highly prevalent in the general population. Although these disorders are not serious in terms of mortality or physical and/or psychological sequelae, they have significant clinical consequences given their infectious nature, esthetic consequences, chronicity, and therapeutic difficulties.
Tinea pedis, which is fungal infection of the interdigital toe web space as well as the skin of the feet, is caused solely by dermatophyte fungi, with Trichophyton spp. and Epidermophyton floccosum being the most frequent agents identified. Interaction with bacteria is also possible in the toe cleft spaces. This mixed dermatophyte and bacterial infection is clinically more severe and has a polymicrobial etiology.
The clinical features of the nails affected by tinea unguium were onycholysis, hyperkeratosis, and decoloration of different grades of severity. The nail most commonly affected was the first toenail, and the nails least commonly affected were the fingernails. The prevalence of tinea unguium was higher in men than in women. The risk of tinea pedis was also higher in men, being independent of age.
The increased prevalence of tinea unguium and tinea pedis in men compared to that in women could be the result of more traumas in the nails and the more common use of occlusive footwear, which favors the appearance of both diseases. The increased prevalence of tinea unguium in the elderly members of the population could be explained as a consequence of nail trauma and slow nail growth.
The present study did not find a significant relationship between factors such as concomitant diseases and the frequency of tinea unguium and the practice of sports or the use of common showers and the risk of tinea pedis. However, the small number of subjects represented in each of these categories reduces the strength of this statement.
In conclusion, the frequencies of both disorders were higher in men and increased with age in the case of onychomycosis. More than half of the subjects with tinea pedis were asymptomatic at the time of evaluation. Importantly, the relative risk of having either of the two conditions increased substantially in patients who presented with the other disorder.
Multiple clinical trials demonstrate that the extracts of NailFungus completely inhibit fungi causing nail fungus infections in just trace quantities and play a curative role. The results of these studies showed that the organic extracts in NailFungusCure display strong antifungal activity against dermatophyte fungi, a common cause of nail fungus infections.
NailFungusCure has pronounced inhibitory effects on the growth and germination of dermatophytes. The extracts in this treatment exhibit significant activity against fungi, mainly due to destruction of their cell walls and a considerable reduction of the ergosterol content. Thus, the antifungal agents in NailFungusCure work by killing off the fungal organism without causing any dangerous side effects to the human host.
The antifungal agents in NailFungusCure actually bind with the cell membranes and cell walls of the fungus. This changes the transition temperature of the fungal cell membrane, thereby placing the membrane in a less fluid, more crystalline state, which kills the fungus. To learn more, please go to http://www.bcured.net.
About the Author
staff of Nature Power Company, which is a network company dedicated to promoting customers' websites and developing softwares. You can go to the following websites to learn more about our natural organic products. http://www.bcured.net http://www.naturespharma.org
Menopause is said to have set in when a women stops ovulating and her period ceases.
Menopause allergies are common with some women. Most women reach menopause between the age of 45 and 55 years and the average age for reaching menopause is around 50 years. However, 1% percent of women reach menopause before 40. Referred to as premature menopause, or premature ovarian failure, menopause brings with it a host of discomforts, including allergies from various allergens present in the environment. The immune system of menopausal women goes into disarray and many become susceptible to allergies during menopause.
Menopause Allergies: What Are They
Allergens are substances, most often eaten or inhaled, which can cause an allergic reaction when recognized by the immune system. The medical world has not been able to come up with a comprehensive list of allergens, because sensitivities vary from one individual to another. To make matters worse, it is possible to be allergic to literally anything.
Menopause Allergies: Causes
The main cause of allergy in menopausal women is usually progesterone. It is very rare and difficult to treat, but occurs often enough to cause discomfort and pain. Allergies include a broad variety of symptoms and have an effect on people in different ways. The severity of allergic reactions can depend on the type of allergen, the level of exposure and each individual's immune response.
Menopause Allergies: Symptoms
Medical research on progesterone, irrespective of its origin, whether synthetic, produced by the body or from natural supplements or application of creams, has observed and accredited progesterone with causing rare allergic reactions to the user. The symptoms can be rashes to urticaria, better known as 'hives,' or life-threatening reactions like anaphylactic shock. Progesterone, produced by the body, has caused very severe allergic rashes in menopausal women is very difficult to treat.
Menopause Allergies: Effects
Allergic symptoms during menopause can result in acne, rosacea, psoriasis and seborrheic dermatitis. Some relief givers are different topical medications for the problem. Certain type of seborrhea responds well to antifungal drugs like ketoconazole cream, others respond well to sulfa-based compounds. Some need occasional short courses of cortisone creams. Menopausal women should be careful not to overdo the cortisones. This can have damaging side effects, if used over a prolonged period, or if the medication used on thin skin is too potent.
Other menopause and allergies issues extend to inexplicable episodes of anaphylaxis due to abnormal reactivity to progesterone that tend to be pre-menopausal, but may occur anytime. The pathogenesis of this disorder is unknown, but laboratory studies indicate that progesterone may either induce histamine release from basophiles directly or make mast cells more susceptible to other mast cell degranulators.
Evidence of estrogen and progesterone hormone allergy discovered by researchers in Austin, Texas, shows that some women with menopausal allergies, like asthma and migraine headaches, might be experiencing allergies to their own estrogen and progesterone hormones.
Women patients who experienced health changes during their menstrual cycle had higher levels of IgE antibodies against progesterone and estrogen than menopausal women did. Allergies can be caused seemingly unexpected. What you are allergic today, you may not be allergic to tomorrow. Menopause and allergies is an increasing problem for the medical practitioners the world over, but efforts are on to find healthy solutions for them.
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To learn more about menopause allergies and everything you need to know about other menopause symptoms, go to http://www.everythingmenopause.com/articles/allergies.htm
